Category: Vision

I’ve annotated 20 egg images using VIA VGG.

Now I’m going to try train a detectron2 Mask-RCNN. Seems I need to register_coco_instances.

def register_coco_instances(name, metadata, json_file, image_root):

Args: 
name (str): the name that identifies a dataset, e.g. "coco_2014_train". 

metadata (dict): extra metadata associated with this dataset. You can leave it as an empty dict. 

json_file (str): path to the json instance annotation file. 

image_root (str or path-like): directory which contains all the images.

From here: https://tarangshah.com/blog/2017-12-03/train-validation-and-test-sets/

Training Dataset: The sample of data used to fit the model.

Validation Dataset: The sample of data used to provide an unbiased evaluation of a model fit on the training dataset while tuning model hyperparameters. The evaluation becomes more biased as skill on the validation dataset is incorporated into the model configuration.

Test Dataset: The sample of data used to provide an unbiased evaluation of a final model fit on the training dataset.

Debugging…

To show an image with OpenCV, you need to follow it with cv2.waitKey()

cv2.imshow('Eggs',vis.get_image()[:, :, ::-1])
cv2.waitKey()

As I don’t have an NVIDIA card, I needed to set cfg.MODEL.DEVICE=’cpu’

Got some “incompatible shapes” warnings – fair enough.

Since running on cpu, needed this environment variable setting to stop it from using too much memory

LRU_CACHE_CAPACITY=1 python3 eggid.py

Got one “training diverged” with 0.02 learning rate. Changed to 0.001. It freezes a lot. Ubuntu freezes if you use too much memory.

Ok it kept freezing. Going to have to try on Google Colab maybe, or maybe limit python’s memory use. But that would presumably just result in “Memory Error” instead, only slightly less annoying than the computer freezing.

Some guy did object detection, with bounding boxes: https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1BRiFBC06OmWNkH4VpPl8Sf7IT21w7vXr https://www.mrdbourke.com/airbnb-amenity-detection/

Ok, I tried again with Roboflow, but it seems they only support bounding box training, and not the segmentation training I want.

Let’s try training bounding box object detection on the egg dataset…

[09/18 22:53:15 d2.evaluation.coco_evaluation]: Preparing results for COCO format …
[09/18 22:53:15 d2.evaluation.coco_evaluation]: Saving results to ./output/coco_instances_results.json
[09/18 22:53:15 d2.evaluation.coco_evaluation]: Evaluating predictions with unofficial COCO API…
Loading and preparing results…
DONE (t=0.00s)
creating index…
index created!
Running per image evaluation…
Evaluate annotation type bbox
COCOeval_opt.evaluate() finished in 0.00 seconds.
Accumulating evaluation results…
COCOeval_opt.accumulate() finished in 0.01 seconds.
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.595
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.857
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.75 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.528
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.501
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.340
Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.559
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets= 1 ] = 0.469
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.642
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.642
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.500
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.362
Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.633
[09/18 22:53:15 d2.evaluation.coco_evaluation]: Evaluation results for bbox:

AP	AP50	AP75	APs	APm	APl
59.493	85.721	52.829	50.099	34.010	55.924
[09/18 22:53:15 d2.evaluation.coco_evaluation]: Per-category bbox AP:
category	AP	category	AP	category	AP
:———–	:—–	:———–	:——-	:———–	:——-
Eggs	nan	chicken	90.000	egg	28.987

So I think the training worked, perhaps, on the bounding boxes? Kinda hard to say without seeing it draw some boxes. Not entirely sure what these APs all mean, but are related to “Average Precision”: https://cocodataset.org/#detection-eval

So now, let’s do Google Open Images based training instead. It has a ‘Chicken’ subset, so that’s ideal. So I downloaded https://pypi.org/project/openimages/ and run some python:

from openimages.download import download_dataset
download_dataset("/media/chrx/0FEC49A4317DA4DA/openimages", ["Chicken"], annotation_format="pascal")

Ack this is only bounding boxes too.

Looks like https://pypi.org/project/oidv6/ is another open images downloader script.

Detectron2 needs COCO format, so converting from Pascal VOC to COCO… ?

I looked at this, https://github.com/roboflow-ai/voc2coco – nope, that’s bounding boxes only.

This looks like it might be the biggest format conversion app I’ve found, OpenVINO™ Toolkit

https://docs.openvinotoolkit.org/latest/omz_tools_accuracy_checker_accuracy_checker_annotation_converters_README.html

Ah, it’s got a ™ though because it’s a huge set of software, and I’m running this on a potato. Not an option.

Ok the search continues.

Ok I found https://medium.com/@nicolas.windt/how-to-download-a-subset-of-open-image-dataset-v6-on-ubuntu-using-the-shell-c55336e33b03 and it’s for bounding boxes too, but it is dealing directly with the Google files, so we can probably adjust the commands to parse the segmentation data.

We can find the 'Chicken' category is represented by /m/09b5t:

wget https://storage.googleapis.com/openimages/v5/class-descriptions-boxable.csv

/m/09b5t,Chicken

I would prefer to get instance segmentation training working than bounding box training. But it looks like it’s gonna be a bit harder than anticipated.

At this point, we can download google open images, with some bounding box annotations in the OIDv6 format, and scale them down to 300×300 or similar. We can also get it in Pascal VOC format.

I’ve just set up a user on a friend’s server, and I followed the @nicolas.windt article.

Do I

a) try get Google Tensorflow’s object detection working, as described in @nicolas.windt’s article?

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/danielb/work/models/research/object_detection/dataset_tools/create_oid_tf_record.py", line 45, in
from object_detection.dataset_tools import oid_tfrecord_creation
ImportError: No module named object_detection.dataset_tools

pip install tensorflow-object-detection-api

File "/home/danielb/work/models/research/object_detection/dataset_tools/create_oid_tf_record.py", line 110, in main
image_annotations, label_map, encoded_image)
File "/root/anaconda3/envs/tfRecords/lib/python2.7/site-packages/object_detection/dataset_tools/oid_tfrecord_creation.py", line 43, in tf_example_from_annotations_data_frame
annotations_data_frame.LabelName.isin(label_map)]
File "/root/anaconda3/envs/tfRecords/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 3614, in getattr
return object.getattribute(self, name)
AttributeError: 'DataFrame' object has no attribute 'LabelName'

This has to do with pandas not finding the format it wants. 

---

I'm trying with python 3.8 now, and had to change as_matrix to to_numpy because it was deprecated, and had to change package names to tf.io.xxx



Now 

File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/object_detection/dataset_tools/oid_tfrecord_creation.py", line 71, in tf_example_from_annotations_data_frame
dataset_util.bytes_feature('{}.jpg'.format(image_id)),
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/object_detection/utils/dataset_util.py", line 30, in bytes_feature
return tf.train.Feature(bytes_list=tf.train.BytesList(value=[value]))
TypeError: '000411001ff7dd4f.jpg' has type str, but expected one of: bytes



So it needs like a to-bytes sort of thing.  [b'a', b'b'] is what stackoverflow came up with.  So needs like [b'000411001ff7dd4f.jpg'] instead of ['000411001ff7dd4f.jpg'

"Convert string to bytes" 
looks like 
b = mystring.encode()

So, 

def bytes_feature(value):
return tf.train.Feature(bytes_list=tf.train.BytesList(value=[value]))

"Python string encoding is different in Python 2.7 vs 3.6 and it break Tensorflow."

"Hi, where i use encode() ?"  
 - in the https://github.com/tensorflow/models/issues/1597


ok... it's failing here:

standard_fields.TfExampleFields.filename: dataset_util.bytes_feature('{}.jpg'.format(image_id)),


ok and if i use value=value.encode()

TypeError: 48 has type int, but expected one of: bytes

(Ah, ASCII 48 is '0' from '000411001ff7dd4f', so not that.)


and value=[value.encode()] gets
AttributeError: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'encode'
...
but without .encode(),
TypeError: '000411001ff7dd4f.jpg' has type str, but expected one of: bytes


and the data is

feature_map = {
standard_fields.TfExampleFields.object_bbox_ymin:
dataset_util.float_list_feature(
filtered_data_frame_boxes.YMin.to_numpy()),
standard_fields.TfExampleFields.object_bbox_xmin:
dataset_util.float_list_feature(
filtered_data_frame_boxes.XMin.to_numpy()),
standard_fields.TfExampleFields.object_bbox_ymax:
dataset_util.float_list_feature(
filtered_data_frame_boxes.YMax.to_numpy()),
standard_fields.TfExampleFields.object_bbox_xmax:
dataset_util.float_list_feature(
filtered_data_frame_boxes.XMax.to_numpy()),
standard_fields.TfExampleFields.object_class_text:
dataset_util.bytes_list_feature(
filtered_data_frame_boxes.LabelName.to_numpy()),
standard_fields.TfExampleFields.object_class_label:
dataset_util.int64_list_feature(
filtered_data_frame_boxes.LabelName.map(lambda x: label_map[x])
.to_numpy()),
standard_fields.TfExampleFields.filename:
dataset_util.bytes_feature('{}.jpg'.format(image_id)),
standard_fields.TfExampleFields.source_id:
dataset_util.bytes_feature(image_id),
standard_fields.TfExampleFields.image_encoded:
dataset_util.bytes_feature(encoded_image),
}


and the input file looks like... 

ImageID,Source,LabelName,Confidence,XMin,XMax,YMin,YMax,IsOccluded,IsTruncated,IsGroupOf,IsDepiction,IsInside
00e71a70a2f669ff,xclick,/m/09b5t,1,0.18049793,0.95435685,0.056603774,0.9638365,0,1,0,0,0
01463f5494340d3d,xclick,/m/09b5t,1,0,0.59791666,0.2125,0.965625,0,0,0,0,0

ok screw it.  stackoverflow time.
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64072148/typeerror-has-type-str-but-expected-one-of-bytes

Looks like it's a current bug: https://github.com/tensorflow/models/issues/7997

ok turns out I actually worked it out yesterday with .encode('utf-8'), but it went on to the same bug on the next line.

Ok now it generated some TFRecords.

So now we can train it...






As explained here: https://towardsdatascience.com/custom-object-detection-using-tensorflow-from-scratch-e61da2e10087

The models directory came with a notebook file (.ipynb) that we can use to get inference with a few tweaks. It is located at models/research/object_detection/object_detection_tutorial.ipynb. Follow the steps below to tweak the notebook:

1. MODEL_NAME = 'ssd_mobilenet_v2_coco_2018_03_29'
2. PATH_TO_CKPT = 'path/to/your/frozen_inference_graph.pb'
3. PATH_TO_LABELS = 'models/annotations/label_map.pbtxt'
4. NUM_CLASSES = 1
5. Comment out cell #5 completely (just below Download Model)
6. Since we’re only testing on one image, comment out PATH_TO_TEST_IMAGES_DIR and TEST_IMAGE_PATHS in cell #9 (just below Detection)
7. In cell #11 (the last cell), remove the for-loop, unindent its content, and add path to your test image:

imagepath = 'path/to/image_you_want_to_test.jpg

After following through the steps, run the notebook and you should see the corgi in your test image highlighted by a bounding box!

or

b) Install pytorch, detectron2 (i keep thinking deceptron2), convert OIDv6 or Pascal VOC formats to COCO format (or ssh rsync the egg data files over to the new machine), and train Mask-RCNN, like with the eggs dataset? (I am using my friend’s server because my laptop can’t handle the training. Keeps freezing.)

or

c) Get EfficientDet running: Strangely, https://github.com/google/automl only contains EfficientDet. Is that AutoML? EfficientDet? Surely not. Odd.

Ok…

At this point i’m ok with just trying to get anything working. Bounding boxes. Ok. After an hour of just looking at options, probably B.

Ended up doing A. Seems Google just got Tensorflow 2’s Object detection API working working recently: https://blog.tensorflow.org/2020/07/tensorflow-2-meets-object-detection-api.html

TF2 is based on top of Keras. From what I can tell so far, the main difference between TF2 and PyTorch is that you can modify neural architecture at runtime with PyTorch. But TF2 has Keras, which has an elegant way to describe neural network architecture in code

So, one thing to note, is that when I decide to attempt object segmentation again, the process will probably follow @nicolas.windt’s tutorial but with this file instead (for train- and test- and validate-). https://storage.googleapis.com/openimages/v5/train-annotations-object-segmentation.csv

For now, got the images, and will try train with the TF2 OD-API, starting with one of the models in the zoo: https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/object_detection/g3doc/tf2_detection_zoo.md

https://www.kaggle.com/ronyroy/10-mins-or-less-training-and-inference-tf2-object

https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/object_detection/g3doc/configuring_jobs.md

Ok so let’s try edit a config

model {
(... Add model config here...)
}

train_config : {
(... Add train_config here...)
}

train_input_reader: {
(... Add train_input configuration here...)
}

eval_config: {
}

eval_input_reader: {
(... Add eval_input configuration here...)
}